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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fwj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трение и и износ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title in english</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0000-0000</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AGU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32864/0202-4977-2026-47-1-39-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fwj-111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль объёмной доли МАХ-фазы в формировании оксидной трибоплёнки и механизма изнашивания композитов Cu–Ti3SiC2 и Cu–Ti3AlC2</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of MAX Phase Volume Fraction in Oxide Tribofilm Formation and Wear Mechanism of Cu–Ti3SiC2 and Cu–Ti3AlC2 Composites</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новицкая</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novitskaya</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>просп. Академический, 2/4, г. Томск 634055</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pr. Akademicheskii, 2/4, Tomsk 634055</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nos@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рюмин</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryumin</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>просп. Академический, 2/4, г. Томск 634055</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pr. Akademicheskii, 2/4, Tomsk 634055</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криницын</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krinitsyn</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>просп. Академический, 2/4, г. Томск 634055</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pr. Akademicheskii, 2/4, Tomsk 634055</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики прочности и материаловедения им. В.Е. Панина СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Panin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; AGU, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">AGU</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">AGU</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/111">https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/111</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе проведён сравнительный анализ трибологических характеристик композиционных материалов на медной основе с различным содержанием (30 об. % и 50 об. %) МАХ-фаз Ti3SiC2 и Ti3AlC2, полученных методом экструзионного аддитивного производства.</p><p>Образцы изготавливали по многоэтапной технологии: смешение порошков, экструдирование, аддитивное формование, декомпозиция полимерного связующего и термообработка. Трибологические испытания проводили в условиях трения скольжения без смазочного материала по схеме «палец–диск» с контртелом из стали ШХ15. Поверхности износа исследовали методами лазерной конфокальной и растровой электронной микроскопии с элементным картированием.</p><p>Композиты с 30 об. % МАХ-фазы (Cu–30%Ti3SiC2, средний коэффициент трения (КТ) = 0,46; Cu–30%Ti3AlC2, КТ = 0,51) демонстрируют значительно более высокие значения КТ в трибосистеме композит—сталь (AISI 52100), по сравнению с образцами, содержащими 50 об. % МАХ-фазы (Cu–50%Ti3SiC2, КТ = 0,28; Cu–50%Ti3AlC2, КТ = 0,27). На поверхностях износа всех образцов выявлен оксидный слой, образованный оксидами компонентов композита. Механизм изнашивания определён как комбинированный окислительный и адгезионный, со сходной морфологией частиц износа для всех составов. Значения триботехнических характеристик композитов определяются как объёмной долей МАХ-фазы, так и её химическим составом. Повышенная склонность Ti3SiC2 к окислению оказывает значимое влияние на формирование трибоплёнки и, как следствие, на коэффициент трения и износостойкость материала.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents a comparative analysis of the tribological behavior of copper-based composite materials with different contents (30 and 50 vol. %) of the MAX phases Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC2, obtained by extrusion additive manufacturing.</p><p>The samples were manufactured using a multi-stage technology: powder mixing, extrusion, additive formation, decomposition of the polymer binder, and heat treatment. Tribological tests were conducted under dry sliding friction conditions using the pin-on-disk scheme with a counterface made of AISI 52100 steel. The wear surfaces were examined using laser confocal and scanning electron microscopy with elemental mapping.</p><p>Composites with 30 vol. % MAX-phase (Cu–30%Ti₃SiC₂, coefficient of friction (COF) = 0.46; Cu–30%Ti3AlC2, COF = 0.51) demonstrate significantly higher values of the average friction coefficient in composite — AISI 52100 steel tribosystem compared to the samples containing 50 vol. % MAX-phase (Cu–50%Ti3SiC2, COF = 0.28; Cu–50%Ti3AlC2, COF = 0.27). An oxide layer formed by oxides of the com-posite components was detected on the wear surfaces of all samples. The wear mechanism is defined as combined oxidative and adhesive, with similar wear particle morphology for all compositions. The tribological properties of composites are determined by both the volume fraction of the MAX phase and its chemical composition. The increased susceptibility of Ti3SiC2 to oxidation significantly influences the formation of the tribofilm and, consequently, the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the material.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аддитивное производство</kwd><kwd>композиты на основе медной матрицы</kwd><kwd>механизмы износа</kwd><kwd>коэффициент трения</kwd><kwd>трибоплёнка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>additive manufacturing</kwd><kwd>copper matrix composites</kwd><kwd>wear mechanisms</kwd><kwd>friction coefficient</kwd><kwd>tribofilm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makul N. 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