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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fwj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трение и и износ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title in english</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0000-0000</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AGU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32864/0202-4977-2026-47-4-333-343</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fwj-129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механика непредельного равновесия при трении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanics of Non-Limiting Equilibrium at Friction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилько</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shil’ko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Кирова, 32а, г. Гомель 246050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirova St., 32a, Gomel 246050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shilko_mpri@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт механики металлополимерных систем имени В.А. Белого НАН Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>333</fpage><lpage>343</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; AGU, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">AGU</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">AGU</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/129">https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/129</self-uri><abstract><p>Показана актуальность изучения существенно нелинейных процессов контактного взаимодействия деформируемых тел в условиях непредельного равновесия при переходе от состояния покоя к скольжению. Дан краткий обзор результатов изучения явления предварительного смещения. С позиций контактной механики обсуждаются особенности теоретического анализа напряженно-деформированного состояния и изнашивания в контакте при сжатии и сжатии со сдвигом. Представлен эффективный метод решения соответствующих контактных задач, основанный на теории вариационных неравенств и граничноэлементной дискретизации области контакта.</p><p>Сделан вывод о том, что рассмотрение фрикционного контакта в виде неоднородной области поверхности, состоящей из зон проскальзывания и участков сцепления, в которых тангенциальные перемещения равны нулю, имеет несомненное фундаментальное значение для трибологии и механики деформируемого твёрдого тела. Это выражается в корректном разрешении известного парадокса Пэнлеве, механико-математической интерпретации явлений непредельного равновесия при трении и расчётном прогнозировании новых эффектов контактного взаимодействия тел из метаматериалов с особыми (программируемыми) деформационными свойствами.</p><p>Практическая значимость исследования состоит в возможности расчётной оптимизации фрикционных передач и условно-неподвижных соединений; уточнении результатов, получаемых в ходе механических испытаний материалов; совершенствовании технологических методов обработки материалов давлением (ковки, прокатки, штамповки и прессования), а также прогнозировании геомеханических (сейсмических) событий, для которых характерно состояние непредельного равновесия при трении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of studying the highly nonlinear processes of contact interaction between deformable bodies under conditions of non-limit equilibrium during the transition from a state of rest to sliding is demonstrated. A brief review of the results from studies on the phenomenon of pre-sliding displacement is provided. From the perspective of contact mechanics, the peculiarities of theoretical analysis of stress-strain state and wear under compression and compression with shear are discussed. An efficient method for solving the corresponding contact problems, based on the theory of variational inequalities and boundary element discretization of the contact region, is presented.</p><p>It is concluded that considering frictional contact as an inhomogeneous surface region consisting of slip zones and stick ones, where tangential displacements are zero, has undoubted fundamental importance for the tribology and mechanics of deformable solids. This is expressed in the correct resolution of the wellknown Painlevé paradox, the mechanical and mathematical interpretation of phenomena of limit equilibrium at friction and in calculated predicting of new effects of contact interaction between bodies made of metamaterials with special (programmable) deformation properties.</p><p>The practical significance of this research consists in the possibility of computer-aided design optimization of friction gears and conditionally fixed connections; refining the results obtained during mechanical testing of materials; improving technological methods of material forming (forging, rolling, stamping, and pressing); as well as predicting geomechanical (seismic) events, which are characterized by a state of limit equilibrium in friction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трение</kwd><kwd>парадокс Пэнлеве</kwd><kwd>непредельное равновесие</kwd><kwd>предварительное смещение</kwd><kwd>фреттинг-изнашивание</kwd><kwd>механические испытания</kwd><kwd>контактные напряжения</kwd><kwd>зоны сцепления и проскальзывания</kwd><kwd>контактные задачи</kwd><kwd>вариационные принципы</kwd><kwd>методы граничных и конечных элементов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>friction</kwd><kwd>Painlevé paradox</kwd><kwd>non-limiting equilibrium</kwd><kwd>pre-sliding displacement</kwd><kwd>fretting wear</kwd><kwd>mechanical tests</kwd><kwd>contact stresses</kwd><kwd>stick and slippage zones</kwd><kwd>contact problems</kwd><kwd>variational principles</kwd><kwd>boundary and finite elements methods</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамян Б.Л., Араманович И.Г. 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