fwjТрение и и износTitle in english0000-00000000-0000AGU10.32864/0202-4977-2025-46-3-240-249fwj-140Research ArticleСтатьиВлияние интенсивной пластической деформации и низкотемпературного отжига на поведение меди М1 при трении скольжения без смазочного материалаThe Influence of Severe Plastic Deformation and Low-Temperature Annealing on the Behavior of Copper C11000 under Sliding Friction without LubricantФилипповА. В.FilippovA. V.

пр. Академический, 2/4, г. Томск 634055, Россия

Academichesky ave., 2/4, Tomsk 634055, Russia

avf@ispms.ruИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202507102026463240249Copyright © AGU, 20262026AGUAGUhttps://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/140

Методом равноканального углового прессования и последующего отжига получили образцы меди М1 с различным структурным состоянием. Методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и металлографии исследовали структуру образцов до и после проведения испытаний на трение скольжения. В ходе испытаний на растяжение и наноиндентирования определили механические характеристики образцов. В процессе трения по схеме шарик—диск регистрировали коэффициент трения, вибрацию и акустическую эмиссию для выявления особенностей влияния структурного состояния материала на динамику трения. Метод конфокальной лазерной сканирующей микроскопии использовали для оценки износа.

Установлено, что увеличение числа проходов РКУП и отжиг несущественно, не более 8 %, влияют на коэффициент трения скольжения в паре сталь—медь. Показано, что увеличение числа проходов РКУП позволяет снизить износ меди М1 на 26—93 %. После отжига при температуре 200 °С дополнительно снижается износ, на 5—8 %, по сравнению с образцами без отжига. Отжиг при 300 °С приводит к увеличению износа на 37—65 %, по сравнению с образцами без отжига. Низкая пластичность и высокая твёрдость материала в сильнодеформированном состоянии приводят к формированию толстого приповерхностного слоя, состоящего из смеси окислившихся частиц износа, оксидов меди и фрагментов разрушенной поверхности трения. Отжиг при температурах 200 °С и 300 °С способствует менее выраженному разрушению поверхности образцов, а также окислению и смешиванию с частицами износа в более тонком приповерхностном слое. Полученные в работе результаты указывают на существенное влияние структурного состояния как на механические свойства, так и на особенности процесса трения скольжения и износа меди М1.

Copper samples of M1 with different structural states were obtained by equal-channel angular pressing and subsequent annealing. The structure of the samples before and after sliding friction tests was studied by transmission electron microscopy and metallography. The mechanical characteristics of the samples were determined during tensile tests and nanoindentation. During friction according to the ball-on-disk scheme, the friction coefficient, vibration and acoustic emission were recorded to identify the features of the influence of the structural state of the material on the friction dynamics. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to assess wear.

It was found that an increase in the number of ECAP passes and annealing have an insignificant, no more than 8 %, effect on the sliding friction coefficient in the steel—copper pair. It is shown that an increase in the number of ECAP passes can reduce the wear of M1 copper by 26—93 %. After annealing at a temperature of 200 °C, wear is additionally reduced by 5—8 %, compared to samples without annealing. Annealing at 300 °C leads to an increase in wear by 37—65 %, compared to samples without annealing. Low plasticity and high hardness of the material in a highly deformed state lead to the formation of a thick surface layer consisting of a mixture of oxidized wear particles, copper oxides and fragments of the destroyed friction surface. Annealing at temperatures of 200 °C and 300 °C contributes to less pronounced destruction of the surface of the samples, as well as oxidation and mixing with wear particles in a thinner surface layer. The results obtained in the work indicate a significant effect of the structural state on both the mechanical properties and the features of the sliding friction and wear process of M1 copper.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.