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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fwj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трение и и износ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title in english</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0000-0000</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AGU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32864/0202-4977-2025-46-4-383-390</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fwj-75</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка и опыт внедрения нового импортозамещающего закалочного масла для термообработки стали</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development and Implementation of a New Import-Substituting Tempering Oil for Steel Heat Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюленев</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyulenev</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Набережная, д. 122, г. Уфа 450057 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Naberezhnaya, 122, Ufa 450057 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zavlab@rosoil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майстренко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maistrenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Набережная, д. 122, г. Уфа 450057 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Naberezhnaya, 122, Ufa 450057 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильманов</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmanov</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Набережная, д. 122, г. Уфа 450057 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Naberezhnaya, 122, Ufa 450057 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Хозрасчётный творческий центр Уфимского авиационного института»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC «Self-Supporting Creative Center of the Ufa Aviation Institute»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Триэс»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC «Tries»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>383</fpage><lpage>390</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; AGU, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">AGU</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">AGU</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/75">https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/75</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе рассмотрены вопросы разработки и применения отечественного закалочного масла при термообработке упругих клемм для рельсовых скреплений. Представлены результаты лабораторных сравнительных испытаний разработанного масла, и его импортного аналога. Исследования влияние охлаждающих свойств закалочных масел на твёрдость и структуру проводили при термообработке образцов из стали 38Si7, применяемой для изготовления упругих клемм. Охлаждающие свойства закалочных масел оценивали с помощью установки по определению охлаждающих характеристик технологических и закалочных сред УЗС-2. Показано, что разработанный опытный образец закалочного масла обеспечивает максимальную скорость охлаждения 94,2 °С/с, температуру при максимальной скорости охлаждения 615,8 °С, время охлаждения до 600 °С за 7,03 с, время охлаждения до 400 °С за 10,3 с, время охлаждения до 200 °С за 39,3 с, скорость охлаждения при 300 °С соответствует 7,84 °С/с. При этом твёрдость заготовок из стали 38Si7 после закалки составляет 53,2—54,6 HRC. В результате проведённых промышленных испытаний установлено, что разработанное закалочное масло соответствует требованиям технологического процесса термообработки упругих клемм для рельсовых скреплений из стали 38SI7 и позволяет снизить затраты на приобретение импортного аналога.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper discusses the development and application of domestic hardening oil during the heat treatment of elastic terminals for rail fasteners. The paper presents the results of laboratory comparative tests of the developed oil and its imported counterpart. The study of the effect of the cooling properties of hardening oils on the hardness and structure was conducted during the heat treatment of samples made of 38Si7 steel, which is used for the production of elastic terminals. The cooling properties of hardening oils were evaluated using the UZS-2 device for determining the cooling characteristics of technological and hardening media. It has been shown that the developed prototype of the quenching oil provides a maximum cooling rate of 94.2 °C/s, a maximum cooling rate temperature of 615.8 °C, a cooling time of 7.03 s to 600 °C, a cooling time of 10.3 s to 400 °C, a cooling time of 39.3 s to 200 °C, and a cooling rate of 7.84 °C/s at 300 °C. At the same time, the hardness of the 38Si7 steel blanks after hardening is 53.2—54.6 HRC. As a result of the industrial tests, it was found that the developed hardening oil meets the requirements of the technological process of heat treatment of elastic terminals for rail fasteners made of 38SI7 steel and allows to reduce the cost of purchasing an imported analogue.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>закалка</kwd><kwd>закалочное масло</kwd><kwd>термообработка</kwd><kwd>охлаждающие характеристики</kwd><kwd>твёрдость</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>упругие клеммы рельсовых скреплений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quenching</kwd><kwd>quenching oil</kwd><kwd>heat treatment</kwd><kwd>cooling characteristics</kwd><kwd>hardness</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>elastic terminals of rail fasteners</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков И.И. 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