<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fwj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трение и и износ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title in english</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0000-0000</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AGU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32864/0202-4977-2025-46-4-391-399</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fwj-76</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние окислительно-восстановительных реакций при лазерном легировании стали оксидом висмута на триботехнические характеристики в условиях граничного трения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Effect of Redox Reactions During Laser Alloying of Steel with Bismuth Oxide on Tribological Characteristics Under Boundary Friction Conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широбокова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirobokova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Университетская, 1, г. Ижевск 426034 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Universitetskaya St., 1, Izhevsk 426034 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харанжевский</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharanzhevskiy</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Университетская, 1, г. Ижевск 426034 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Universitetskaya St., 1, Izhevsk 426034 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ипатов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ipatov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Студенческая, 9, г. Ижевск 426069 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Studencheskaya St., 9, Izhevsk 426069 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ipatow.al@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Софьи Ковалевской, 18, г. Екатеринбург 620108 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. S. Kovalevskaya, 18, Ekaterinburg 620108 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Удмуртский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Udmurt State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Удмуртский государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Udmurt State Agricultural University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики металлов имени М.Н. Михеева Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (ИФМ УрО РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>391</fpage><lpage>399</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; AGU, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">AGU</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">AGU</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/76">https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/76</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе изучали триботехнические характеристики поверхности углеродистой стали, легированной оксидом висмута с добавлением окислителя или восстановителя, нитрата лития или высокодисперсного порошка графита соответственно. Трибологические испытания выполняли в сопряжении с алюминиевым сплавом АЖ1 в условиях граничной смазки.Установлено, что углерод взаимодействует с оксидом висмута в процессе легирования при высокотемпературной лазерной обработке и приводит к появлению металлического висмута, что негативно влияет на работоспособность сопряжения при высокой контактной нагрузке. При этом, чем выше содержание углерода в составе порошковой смеси, тем большее количество восстановленного при лазерной обработке оксида висмута в поверхности стали, и тем ниже нагрузочная способность сопряжения при работе с постоянной скоростью 9,0 м/с. Напротив, распад нитрата лития с выделением кислорода при высокоинтенсивной лазерной обработке приводит к увеличению доли окисленного висмута в легированной поверхности. При добавлении окислителя триботехнические характеристики сопряжения при трении в условиях граничной смазки значительно улучшаются. Предложен возможный механизм возникновения сверхнизких коэффициента трения и износа при трении скольжения в условиях граничной смазки для пары трения легированная оксидом висмута сталь–алюминиевый сплав.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work investigates the tribological characteristics of the surface of carbon steel alloyed with bismuth oxide with the addition of an oxidizer or a reducing agent, specifically lithium nitrate or highly dispersed graphite powder, respectively. Tribological tests were performed in contact with an aluminum alloy AZh1 under boundary lubrication conditions.It was established that carbon interacts with bismuth oxide during the alloying process under high-temperature laser treatment, leading to the formation of metallic bismuth, which negatively affects the performance of the tribological pair under high contact load. Furthermore, a higher carbon content in the powder mixture results in a greater amount of reduced bismuth oxide in the steel surface and a lower load-carrying capacity of the pair at a constant speed of 9.0 m/s. Conversely, the decomposition of lithium nitrate with the release of oxygen during high-intensity laser processing leads to an increased proportion of oxidized bismuth in the alloyed surface. The addition of the oxidizer significantly improves the tribological characteristics of the pair under boundary lubrication friction conditions. A possible mechanism for the occurrence of ultralow friction and wear coefficients during sliding friction under boundary lubrication for the “bismuth-oxidealloyed steel vs. aluminum alloy” friction pair is proposed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>графит</kwd><kwd>нитрат лития</kwd><kwd>короткоимпульсная лазерная обработка</kwd><kwd>сверхнизкий коэффициент трения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>graphite</kwd><kwd>lithium nitrate</kwd><kwd>short-pulse laser treatment</kwd><kwd>ultra-low friction coefficient</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаркунов Д.Н. Триботехника (износ и безызносность): учебник. 4-e изд. — M.: Из-во МСХА. — 2001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garkunov D.N. Tribotekhnika (iznos i bezyznosnost'): Uchebnik. 4-e izd. — M.: Iz-vo MSHA. — 2001 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmatov A.S. Molecular Physics of Boundary Friction. — Publ. Israel Program for Scientific Translations: University of California. — 1966</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmatov A.S. Molecular Physics of Boundary Friction. — Publ. Israel Program for Scientific Translations: University of California. — 1966</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharanzhevskiy E.V. et al. Towards Eliminating Friction and Wear in Plain Bearings Operating without Lubrication // Scientific Reports. — 2023 (13), no. 1, 17362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44702-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharanzhevskiy E.V. et al. Towards Eliminating Friction and Wear in Plain Bearings Operating without Lubrication // Scientific Reports. — 2023 (13), no. 1, 17362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44702-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun H., Gewen Y., Shanhong W., and Peiying S. Effect of Adding Soft Bi2O3 on Structural Modification and Tribological Regulation of Ni-5 wt% Al Composite Coating in Wide Temperatures Range // Surface and Coatings Technology. — 2021 (405), 126517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126517</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun H., Gewen Y., Shanhong W., and Peiying S. Effect of Adding Soft Bi2O3 on Structural Modification and Tribological Regulation of Ni-5 wt% Al Composite Coating in Wide Temperatures Range // Surface and Coatings Technology. — 2021 (405), 126517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126517</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kato H. and Komai K. Tribofilm Formation and Mild Wear by Tribo-Sintering of NanometerSized Oxide Particles on Rubbing Steel Surfaces // Wear. — 2007 (262), nos. 1–2, 36—41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.03.046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kato H. and Komai K. Tribofilm Formation and Mild Wear by Tribo-Sintering of NanometerSized Oxide Particles on Rubbing Steel Surfaces // Wear. — 2007 (262), nos. 1–2, 36—41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.03.046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X., Feng X., Lu C., Yi G., Jia J., and Li H. Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Plasma Sprayed NiAl Composite Coatings with Addition of Nanostructured TiO2/Bi2O3 // Surface and Coatings Technology. — 2018 (349), 157—165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.05.055/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X., Feng X., Lu C., Yi G., Jia J., and Li H. Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Plasma Sprayed NiAl Composite Coatings with Addition of Nanostructured TiO2/Bi2O3 // Surface and Coatings Technology. — 2018 (349), 157—165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.05.055/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodil S.E., Depablos-Rivera O., and SánchezLópez J.C. Tribological Response of δ-Bi2O3 Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering // Lubricants. — 2023 (11), no. 5, 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11050207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodil S.E., Depablos-Rivera O., and SánchezLópez J.C. Tribological Response of δ-Bi2O3 Coatings Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering // Lubricants. — 2023 (11), no. 5, 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11050207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ипатов А.Г., Малинин А.В., Шмыков С.Н. Повышение эффективности турбокомпрессоров ДВС модификацией подшипниковых сопряжений // Ремонт. Восстановление. Модернизация. — 2024, № 5, 8—12. DOI: 10.31044/1684-2561-2024-0-5-8-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ipatov A.G., Malinin A.V., Shmykov S.N. Increasing the efficiency of ICE turbochargers by modifying bearing matings // Repair. Restoration. Modernization. — 2024, no. 5, 8—12. DOI: 10.31044/1684-2561-2024-0-5-8-12 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ипатов А.Г., Шмыков С.Н. Синтез антифрикционных покрытий методом ФАБО // Технический сервис машин. — 2021, № 1(142), 140—147. DOI: 10.22314/2618-8287-2021-59-1-140-147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ipatov A.G., Shmykov S.N. Synthesis of antifriction coatings by the FABO method // Technical service of machines. — 2021, No. 1(142), 140—147. DOI: 10.22314/2618-8287-2021-59-1-140-147 (in Russian)/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров А.В., Харанжевский Е.В., Ипатов А.Г., Сирош В.А., Соболева Н.Н., Волкова Е.Г. Эффект безызносности при поверхностном легировании стали висмутом // Трение и износ. — 2024 (45), № 6, 558—568</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov A.V., Kharanzhevsky E.V., Ipatov A.G., Sirosh V.A., Soboleva N.N., and Volkova E.G. The Effect of Wearlessness during Surface Alloying of Steel with Bismuth // Journal of Friction and Wear. — 2024 (45), no. 6, 558—568</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makarov A.V., Sirosh V.A., Soboleva N.N., Volkova E.G., Ipatov A.G., Gil`mutdinov F.Z., and Kharanzhevskiy E.V. Ultralow Wear in Boundary Lubrication: a Tribological Study of BiAlloyed Steel under High Normal Loads and Sliding Speeds // Friction. — 2025 (13), no. 7, 9441049. https://doi.org/10.26599/FRICT.2025.9441049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov A.V., Sirosh V.A., Soboleva N.N., Volkova E.G., Ipatov A.G., Gil`mutdinov F.Z., and Kharanzhevskiy E.V. Ultralow Wear in Boundary Lubrication: a Tribological Study of BiAlloyed Steel under High Normal Loads and Sliding Speeds // Friction. — 2025 (13), no. 7, 9441049. https://doi.org/10.26599/FRICT.2025.9441049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Razak M., Liza S., and Fukuda K. Investigation of Surface Morphology, Wettability and Tribological Properties of Ni Composite Coating Added with Graphite // Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop. — 2025, no. 13, 015016. DOI: 10.1088/2051-672X/adad8c</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razak M., Liza S., and Fukuda K. Investigation of Surface Morphology, Wettability and Tribological Properties of Ni Composite Coating Added with Graphite // Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop. — 2025, no. 13, 015016. DOI: 10.1088/2051-672X/adad8c</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan L., Zhang Y., Cheng K., and Zhang R. Influence of Graphite on Tribological Properties of SiC/Cu/Gr Composites with SiO2–Cu2O Glass Boundary // Ceramics International. — 2024 (50), no. 9, 15481—15489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.02.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan L., Zhang Y., Cheng K., and Zhang R. Influence of Graphite on Tribological Properties of SiC/Cu/Gr Composites with SiO2–Cu2O Glass Boundary // Ceramics International. — 2024 (50), no. 9, 15481—15489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.02.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharanzhevskiy E.V., Ipatov A.G., Makarov A.V., Gil’mutdinov F.Z., Soboleva N.N., and Krivilyov M.D. Tribological Performance of Boron-Based Superhard Coatings Sliding Against Different Materials // Wear. — 2021 (477), 203835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.203835/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharanzhevskiy E.V., Ipatov A.G., Makarov A.V., Gil’mutdinov F.Z., Soboleva N.N., and Krivilyov M.D. Tribological Performance of Boron-Based Superhard Coatings Sliding Against Different Materials // Wear. — 2021 (477), 203835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.203835/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkov K.G., Ipatov A.G., Kharanzhevskii E.V., Shmykov S.N. Restoration and Hardening of the Working Chamfer of the Valve of an Internal Combustion Engine by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) // Steel in Translation. — 2023 (53), no. 3, 232—237. DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223030191</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov K.G., Ipatov A.G., Kharanzhevskii E.V., Shmykov S.N. Restoration and Hardening of the Working Chamfer of the Valve of an Internal Combustion Engine by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) // Steel in Translation. — 2023 (53), no. 3, 232—237. DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223030191</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юхин Ю.М., Михайлов Ю.И. Химия висмутовых соединений и материалов. — Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН. — 2001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yukhin Yu.M., Mikhailov Yu.I. Chemistry of bismuth compounds and materials. — Novosibirsk: SB RAS. — 2001 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortiz-Quiñonez J.L., Zumeta-Dubé I., Díaz D., Nava-Etzana N., Cruz-Zaragoza E., and Santiago-Jacinto P. Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles Partially Substituted with EuIII, MnIV, and SiIV: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Optical Findings // Inorg Chem. — 2017, Mar 20; (56), no. 6, 3394—3403. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02923. Epub. 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28252972</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortiz-Quiñonez J.L., Zumeta-Dubé I., Díaz D., Nava-Etzana N., Cruz-Zaragoza E., and Santiago-Jacinto P. Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles Partially Substituted with EuIII, MnIV, and SiIV: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Optical Findings // Inorg Chem. — 2017, Mar 20; (56), no. 6, 3394—3403. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02923. Epub. 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28252972</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
