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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fwj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трение и и износ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title in english</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0000-0000</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AGU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32864/0202-4977-2025-46-2-165-176</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fwj-84</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кавитационное изнашивание полимеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cavitation Wear of Polymers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветков</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkov</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Двинская, д. 5/7, г. Санкт-Петербург 198035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dvinskaya st., 5/7, Saint-Petersburg 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuritsvet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фиактистов</surname><given-names>Я. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fiaktistov</surname><given-names>Ya. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Двинская, д. 5/7, г. Санкт-Петербург 198035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dvinskaya st., 5/7, Saint-Petersburg 198035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larin</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Двинская, д. 5/7, г. Санкт-Петербург 198035</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dvinskaya st., 5/7, Saint-Petersburg 198035</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Higher Education «Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; AGU, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">AGU</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">AGU</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/84">https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/84</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведены испытания на кавитационное изнашивание шести полимеров, принадлежащих к разным классам: политетрафторэтилена, полиэтилена низкого давления; полиметилметакрилата, полиамида блочного (капролона), полиуретана и эпоксидного компаунда К-153. Опыты проводили на ультразвуковом магнитострикционном вибраторе в мягкой пресной воде при температуре 20 ± 3 ℃. Частота и амплитуда колебаний торца концентратора вибратора равнялись соответственно 22 кГц и 28 мкм. Образцы имели цилиндрическую форму, торцевые поверхности которых, подлежащие испытанию, шлифовали и полировали по одинаковой технологии для всех полимеров. Перед испытаниями измеряли плотность, скорость звука в полимерах и твёрдость по Шору (тип D). В процессе испытаний измеряли потери массы образцов и шероховатость поверхности, и строили зависимость потерь массы и среднего арифметического отклонения профиля поверхности от продолжительности кавитационного воздействия. Изнашивание всех полимеров проходило с инкубационным периодом. На зависимостях продолжительности инкубационного периода и скорости изнашивания от твёрдости по Шору наблюдался вязко-хрупкий переход, при этом в области вязкого разрушения влияние твёрдости полимеров на их кавитационную износостойкость противоположно таковому в области хрупкого разрушения. Установлено, что как в области вязкого, так и хрупкого разрушения кавитационная износостойкость полимера снижается с увеличением акустического сопротивления. Сделан вывод, что для обеспечения наибольшей кавитационной износостойкости необходимо выбирать полимеры с таким значением твёрдости, которое бы обеспечивало вязко-хрупкое разрушение полимера при твёрдости по Шору в диапазоне 65—70.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The cavitation wear tests of six polymers were carried out. There were polymers of different classes chosen: Teflon, high-density polyethylene, plexiglass, polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy compound K-153. The cavitation attack was executed in mild fresh water, the latter was kept at temperature of 20 ± 3 ℃. The test apparatus was an ultrasonic magnetostrictive device, the frequency and the amplitude of horn butt-end oscillations being equal to about 22 kHz and 28 μm respectively. The polymers samples were in the shape of cylinders. The test surfaces were the sample flat ends, which were ground and polished. The Shore hardness, sound speed and density of the polymers were measured before putting them to test. During the experiments the mass loss and the roughness of the test surfaces were measured and dependences of the mass loss and arithmetical mean deviation of the assessed profile on cavitation attack duration were built. The wear of all the polymers tested occurs with incubation period. In order to avoid the rough error in the determination of the incubation period the latter was evaluated by profilometry. There was the tough-brittle transition indicated on the dependences of the incubation period and wear rate on the cavitation attack duration, and in the tough failure zone the influence of the hardness on the wear resistance is the opposite to that in the brittle failure zone. In both the tough failure zone and the brittle failure zone the cavitation wear resistance goes down as the acoustic impedance increases, however the polymers suffering brittle damage in cavitation attack and ones suffering tough damage form the separate dependences of wear resistance on the acoustic impedance. The acoustic impedance has strong influence on the wear resistance of polymers in the brittle failure zone and weak influence in the tough failure zone. To secure the highest cavitation resistance it is necessary to choose the polymers having the Shore hardness as nearly as possible to the tough-brittle transition, that is the Shore hardness has to be in value from 65 to 70.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полимер</kwd><kwd>кавитационное изнашивание</kwd><kwd>твёрдость</kwd><kwd>акустическое сопротивление</kwd><kwd>скорость кавитационного изнашивания</kwd><kwd>шероховатость</kwd><kwd>инкубационный период изнашивания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polymer</kwd><kwd>cavitation wear</kwd><kwd>hardness</kwd><kwd>acoustic impedance</kwd><kwd>cavitation wear rate</kwd><kwd>roughness</kwd><kwd>incubation period</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar Pardeep and Saini R.P. 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