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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fwj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трение и и износ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title in english</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0000-0000</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AGU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32864/0202-4977-2025-46-5-425-440</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fwj-90</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние смазочных сред на основе пентаэритритового тетраэфира на структуру и свойства бронзы в паре трения БрА5—Сталь 45</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of Pentaerythrite Tetraether-Based Lubricants on the Structure and Properties of Bronze in the BrA5—Steel 45 Friction Pair</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куксенова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuksenova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>М. Харитоньевский пер., д. 4, г. Москва 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M. Kharitonevsky Lane, 4, Moscow 101000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савенко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savenko</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ленинский пр., д. 31, корп. 4, г. Москва 119071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninsky Ave., 31, building 4, Moscow 119071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">visavenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт машиноведения им. А.А. Благонравова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.A. Blagonravov Institute of Machine Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>425</fpage><lpage>440</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; AGU, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">AGU</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">AGU</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/90">https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/90</self-uri><abstract><p>Методами рентгеноструктурного, рентгенофазового и оптической металлографической микроскопии проведено исследование механизмов влияния смазочных композиций на основе дисперсионной среды — тетраэфира пентаэритрита С5–С9 (TЭПЭ С5–С9) с мыльными дисперсными фазами на структуру и физико-механические характеристики поверхностных слоёв бронзы БрА5 после её трения в паре со сталью Ст45. В качестве дисперсных фаз (загустителей) применяли концентрированные поверхностно-активные вещества (ПАВ): литиевое мыло 12-оксистеариновой кислоты (12-LioSt), кальциевое мыло 12-оксистеариновой кислоты (12-CaoSt), а также комплексное кальциевое мыло, включающее композицию солей 12-оксистеариновой и уксусной кислот (k-Ca). Показано, что после трения бронзы во всех смазочных композициях происходит альтернативное, в зависимости от состава композиции, изменение предела текучести поверхностного слоя образцов (эффекты Ребиндера и Роско). Появление в результате трибодеформации в этом слое внутренних остаточных мезонапряжений запускает механизм восходящей диффузии, вызывающий в материале концентрационное перераспределение компонентов, вплоть до полного удаления атомов легирующего элемента из его приповерхностного слоя (режим избирательный переноса). Показано, что изменения механических характеристик материала и его износостойкость зависят от коллоидно-химических показателей поверхностной и окислительной активности смазочной композиции, определяемых гидрофильно-липофильным балансом молекул её компонент. Так, введение в базовую среду TЭПЭ С5–С9 добавки 12-LioSt снижает скорость изнашивания бронзы в 1,3 раза, добавки k-Ca — в 6,5 раз, а введение добавки 12-CaoSt повышает эту скорость на 10 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using X-ray structural, X-ray phase, and light metallographic microscopy, the mechanisms of the influence of lubricant compositions based on a dispersion medium — C5–C9 pentaerythritol ether (TEPE of the surface layers of BrA5 bronze after its friction with St45 steel were studied. Concentrated surfactants (surfactant-like agents) were used as dispersed phases (thickeners): lithium soap of 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-LioSt), calcium soap of 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-CaoSt), and complex calcium soap, which includes a composition of salts of 12-hydroxystearic and acetic acids (k-Ca). It has been shown that after friction of bronze, there is a variable change in the yield strength of the surface layer of the samples in all lubricant compositions (the Rebinder and Roscoe effects). The appearance of internal residual stresses in this layer as a result of tribo-deformation includes a mechanism of upward diffusion, which causes a concentration redistribution of components in the material, up to a complete cleaning of the subsurface layer from the atoms of the alloying element (selective transfer mode). It has been shown that the adaptive changes in the mechanical characteristics of the material (positive or negative) and its wear resistance depend on the colloidal-chemical indicators of the surface and oxidative activity of the lubricant composition (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance). Thus, adding 12-LioSt to the basic TEPE C5–C9 environment reduces the wear rate of bronze by 1.3 times, adding k-Ca reduces it by 6.5 times, and adding 12-CaoSt increases it by 10 %.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>износ</kwd><kwd>антифрикционные материалы</kwd><kwd>смазочные композиции</kwd><kwd>поверхностно-активные вещества</kwd><kwd>эффект Ребиндера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wear</kwd><kwd>antifriction materials</kwd><kwd>lubricant compositions</kwd><kwd>surfactants</kwd><kwd>Rehbinder effect</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чихос Х. Системный анализ в трибонике. — М.: Мир. — 1982</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chihos H. 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