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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fwj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Трение и и износ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title in english</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0000-0000</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0000-0000</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AGU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32864/0202-4977-2025-46-5-467-475</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fwj-94</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние химического состава и температуры отпуска металла зубьев ковшей экскаватора на их эксплуатационные свойства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Influence of Chemical Composition and Tempering Temperature of Metal Teeth of Excavator Buckets on Their Operational Properties</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швецов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Политехническая ул., д. 29, литера Б, г. Санкт-Петербург 195251, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Академическое</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shvec_off@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Политехническая ул., д. 29, литера Б, г. Санкт-Петербург 195251, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Академическое</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>467</fpage><lpage>475</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; AGU, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">AGU</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">AGU</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/94">https://fwj.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/94</self-uri><abstract><p>Снижение металлоёмкости инструмента, применяемого при добыче твёрдых ископаемых, напрямую связанно с его износостойкостью. В работе проведены исследования, направленные на получение научно обоснованных требований к выбору материала для зубьев ковшей экскаваторов. Цель работы — определение оптимального химического состава и конечной термической обработки для обеспечения необходимого комплекса механических свойств металла зубьев ковшей экскаватора для использования в различных условиях эксплуатации.</p><p>Опытные образцы сталей производили в индукционных печах ёмкостью до 120 кг. Термическую обработку металла проводили в закалочном масле при высоком или низком отпуске. Для испытаний на износостойкость использовали схему трения, при которой закреплённый в шпинделе станка образец совершает поперечное движение и одновременно вращается вокруг своей оси.</p><p>Самые высокие прочностные показатели у стали с 0,4 % С (1720 МПа временное сопротивление) по сравнению с 0,3 % С (1680 МПа) при одном уровне пластических характеристик. Анализ результатов испытаний на износостойкость, показал наиболее жёсткие условия износа при использовании абразиве SiC размерностью 200 мкм (66—71 м/г; 82—89 м/г). Высокая твёрдость стали после закалки и низкого отпуска гарантирует лучшую сопротивляемость износу 130—133 м/г, по сравнению с закалкой и высоким отпуском 95—110 м/г. Основными механизмами износа при изнашивании является микрорезание и пластическое оттеснение.</p><p>Учитывая результаты исследований и условия применения ковшей экскаваторов при добыче различных горных пород, для зубьев ковшей рекомендованы следующие стали: сталь 30ХГНМФЛ для условий, где необходима высокая износостойкость и хладостойкость; сталь 40Х2ГН2МФЛ (№ 3) для более умеренного климата. Низкий отпуск после закалки стали рекомендуется для более умеренного климата, для обеспечения хладостойкости необходима закалка и высокий отпуск.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mining of solid minerals is associated with increased metal consumption of the tool used, which is associated with wear resistance, therefore, in order to reduce the metal consumption of the industry, it is necessary to increase the wear resistance of the tool. The matrix structure for excavator bucket teeth is martensite, but as a rule, not only the hardness determines the metal's ability to resist wear, but also a certain proportion of plasticity and viscosity. An analysis of operational experience provides some information regarding the durability of teeth with various mechanical properties, but there are still no scientifically sound requirements for the choice of material for excavator bucket teeth.</p><p>The aim of the work is to determine the optimal chemical composition and final heat treatment to provide the necessary set of mechanical properties of the metal teeth of the excavator buckets, depending on the operating conditions.</p><p>Experimental samples were produced in induction furnaces with a capacity of up to 120 kg. The heat treatment of the samples consisted of quenching in oil and high or low tempering for each sample. The wear resistance test was carried out on an installation representing a sample fixed in the spindle of the machine, which makes a transverse movement and simultaneously rotates around its axis.</p><sec><title>Steel with 0</title><p>Steel with 0.4 % C (1720 MPa temporary resistance) has the highest strength indicators compared to</p></sec><sec><title>0</title><p>0.3 % C (1680 MPa) at the same level of plastic characteristics. An analysis of the wear resistance test results showed the most severe wear conditions for SiC abrasives with a dimension of 200 microns (66—71 m/g; 82—89 m/g). The high hardness of the steel after quenching and low tempering guarantees better wear resistance of 130—133 m/g, compared with quenching and high tempering of 95—110 m/g. The main mechanisms of wear during wear are micro-cutting and plastic extrusion.</p><p>Taking into account the established requirements for steels for excavator bucket teeth, the corresponding 30KHGNMFL (No. 1) steels are recommended for various rock conditions, where high wear resistance and cold resistance are required, and 40KH2GN2MFL (No. 3) steel for a more temperate climate. Low tempering after quenching is recommended for a more temperate climate, quenching and high tempering are necessary to ensure cold resistance.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>легированная сталь</kwd><kwd>хладостойкость</kwd><kwd>износостойкость</kwd><kwd>микрорезание</kwd><kwd>оттеснение</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>твёрдость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alloy steel</kwd><kwd>cold resistance</kwd><kwd>wear resistance</kwd><kwd>micro-cutting</kwd><kwd>displacement</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>hardness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Слепцов О.И., Шульгинов Б.С., Михайлов В.Е., Сивцев М.Н., Слепцов Г.Н. 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