Methodology for Testing Welded Alloys for Resistance to High-Temperature Gas-Abrasive Wear

We developed a methodology and setup for testing materials for resistance to gas-abrasive wear at normal and elevated temperatures up to 1000 °C. The test results allow us to choose welding materials for restoring the working surfaces of components in drawbench machines, industrial fans, charging devices for blast furnaces, gas turbine installations, and other equipment. We determined the wear rate of certain welded alloys based on the test temperature, gas-abrasive flow velocity, and the attack angle of the specimen surface. We elucidated that under conditions of high-temperature gas-abrasive wear at small attack angles and increased velocity of abrasive particles, it is advisable to use eutectic alloys with reduced content of expensive carbideforming elements and carbon. At large attack angles and low-speed abrasion, heat-resistant steels and heat-resistant austenitic-class steels are recommended. Among the tested materials, welded alloy C6,0Cr23Nb7Mo7W2Si2VT exhibited the highest resistance to gas-abrasive wear at normal temperature, characterized by the highest level of alloying and a volumetric fraction of strengthening phases. As the test temperature increased to 600 °C, its wear resistance decreased by 2.5 times, indicating inferior performance compared to the experimental alloy C2,8Cr14Ni6Mn6Mo3Ti2Nb2. The destruction processes of thin surface layers of alloys were studied using electron-ion microscopy, allowing us to assess the influence of their structural-phase composition on the mechanisms of high-temperature wear. The study of the wear characteristics of alloy C2,8Cr14Ni6Mn6Mo3Ti2Nb2 revealed that under the impact of abrasive, cracks form in the platelike carbides Me₃C₂ and Me₇C₃. However, the high ductility of nickel-alloyed austenite reduces the likelihood of splintering of the formed fragments. Additionally, fine compact carbides (Ti, Nb, Mo)_xC_y and Mo₂C restrain plastic deformation of the austenitic–carbide eutectic without causing destruction.

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