A Device for Studying the Mechanisms of Surface Fracture of Materials That Combines Impact Loading, Rolling and Sliding Friction

A novel friction tester has been developed that simultaneously implements three types of mechanical effects on metal samples: oblique impact, rolling friction, and sliding friction. The main unit of the installation is a driver mounted on a shaft with indenters located in its sockets — steel rollers with a diameter of 32 mm and a weight of 0.2 kg. The mechanism is actuated by a servo drive, which allows smooth adjustment of the angular rotation speed in the range from 0 to 1500 min^–1. The indenters are made of quenched and low-tempered ball bearing steel. During the testing process, the rollers, freely located in the driver sockets, have the ability to rotate relative to their axes and roll along the surfaces of the samples. Under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the driver, the rollers come into contact with the studied samples and wear them out. During one revolution of the driver, each of the samples is subjected to roller impacts twice. The impacts are carried out simultaneously, which reduces vibrations of the parts of the device. Tribological tests of Hadfield steel in the austenitic state, 95Cr6Mo3V3SiTi steel quenched and tempered at 545 °C, as well as boron- and chromium-alloyed alloy formed by the method of non-vacuum electron beam cladding were carried out using the developed device. The samples made of 95Cr6Mo3V3SiTi steel possessed the highest level of wear resistance. The features of the mechanisms of destruction of the surface layers of metal alloys are revealed.

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